Models of depression duman pdf
depression remain poorly understood [ ]. is minireview summarizes our current understanding, obtained from animal models of chronic stress, of remodeling of dendritic
Depression is a porque se repite disorder that has been present throughout the history of humanity and has been approached from different views according to time, thinking, and scientific and technological advances (Guimarães et al. 2006).
Alphabetical List of Cognitive Models & Formulations Scroll down to access the worksheets by clicking on the document image – no tool or download programme is required other than your normal PDF reader.
Since candidate models of depression are often assessed for reversibility with known monoamine-based antidepressants, there exists the alarming possibility that the most popular models of depression may, by design, be insensitive to the antidepressant effects of nonmonoamine-based agents (Berton and Nestler 2006).

The biological (medical) model of abnormality makes the assumption that psychological and behavioural abnormalities have biological causes. In other words, things go wrong with behaviour and experience, because something has gone wrong with the brain. Possible Biological Causes of Abnormality Factor Explanation Genetics The genes we inherit from our parents provide the …
The simplistic notion that depression is a chemical imbalance, so to speak, in the brain is giving way to rapidly emerging evidence that depression is associated with neuroinflammation. 4 Pro-inflammatory cytokines are elevated in the plasma of depressed patients, and subside when the acute episode is …
Major depression is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by affective, cognitive, and physiological impairments that lead to maladaptive behavior. The high lifetime prevalence of this disabling condition, coupled with limitations in existing medications, make necessary the development of improved therapeutics. This requires animal models that allow investigation of key biological
Models of depression in primates1 – Volume 13 Issue 3 – Stephen J. Suomi To send this article to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account.
The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that BDNF in the hippocampus produces an antidepressant effect in behavioral models of depression, the learned helplessness (LH) and forced swim test (FST) paradigms. A single bilateral infusion of BDNF into the dentate gyrus of hippocampus produced an antidepressant effect in both the LH and FST that was comparable in magnitude with

A Unified Model of Depression WordPress.com

https://youtube.com/watch?v=849mXkme-vc


Treating Anxiety and Depression Differences Similarities

The present article aims to revisit the principles of behavioral models of depression by emphasizing advancements in the field, as well as providing a critique of the dominant models. With this goal in mind, we aim to re-direct the conceptual analysis towards an understanding of
A review of lifestyle factors that contribute to important pathways associated with major depression: Diet, sleep and exercise . Adrian L Lopresti1, Sean D Hood2, Peter D Drummond1
because of the prevalence of depression (16% in the US population)9, its enormous economic burden (.1 billion per year in the US) 10 and a tremendous need for more effective treatments.
Cellular changes caused by depression and chronic stress Stressful events affect a number of different, reciprocally connected brain areas that make up the mood-regulating
Abstract. Stress decreases neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus, and blockade of this effect is required for the actions of antidepressants in behavioral models of depression.
CHAPTER ONE Models of Depression Catharine H. Duman Contents I. Introduction 2 II. General Considerations in Modeling Depression 2 III. Stress and Models of Depression 4
Although the models attempt to produce specific behavioral or physiological features of depression, the features in the animal models likely come about through processes that are very different from those operative in human depression. Therefore, results need to be carefully interpreted for relevance that may be more specific to the model than for human depression. This is an important
Jennifer L. Warner-Schmidt and Ronald S. Duman* ABSTRACT: The hippocampus is one of several limbic brain structures implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment of mood disorders. Pre- clinical and clinical studies demonstrate that stress and depression lead to reductions of the total volume of this structure and atrophy and loss of neurons in the adult hippocampus. One of the cellular
THE BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL OF RISK FOR DEPRESSION Kimberly Dienes, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Psychology Roosevelt University . What distinguishes individuals who develop depression following a life stressor from those that do not? Outline Introduction to the literature Study 1 Part 1-Cortisol secretion in depressed and at-risk adults Part 2-Stress sensitivity and risk for


Psychological Models of Depression and Anxiety: Counselor’s Perspectives Vijaya Lakshmi Chouhan 0F 1, Preeti Sharma 1F 2* ABSTRACT Negative psychological states like anxiety and depression have been the major focus of psychology over the last hundreds of years. People experience these negative psychological states as a part of their response to their threatening life events. These states
Such findings hold major implications for models of the neurocircuits that underlie depression. In particular evidence from lesion analysis studies suggests that the MPFC and related limbic and striato-pallido-thalamic structures organize emotional expression. The MPFC is part of a larger “default system” of cortical areas that include the dorsal PFC, mid- and posterior cingulate cortex
The intergenerational interpersonal stress model of depression was first proposed by Hammen (1991a) in a sample of 8-16-year-old children of mothers who were clinically ascertained to be depressed; families with unipolar, bipolar, medically ill, and well mothers were compared.
March 6, 2013 at 12:29 PM 452_chapter_09.docx page 3 of 34 I. Conceptual Overview A. Diathesis-Stress Models of Depression The model shown in Figure 9.1 will guide our discussion.
properties in different validated models of depression. These effects are mediated by activation of different pathways that results in neurogenesis and synaptic
Current Understandings Of Major Depression – Diathesis-Stress Model Rashmi Nemade, Ph.D., Natalie Staats Reiss, Ph.D., and Mark Dombeck, Ph.D. In contrast to the biopsychosocial model, which describes the interdependence of depression causes, the diathesis-stress model talks about the relationship between potential causes of depression, and the degree to which people may be …
Duman RS, Monteggia LM (2006) A neurotrophic model for stress-related mood disorders. Biol Psychiatry 59:1116–1127 PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar Duman RS, Voleti B (2012) Signaling pathways underlying the pathophysiology and treatment of depression…


Preclinical studies in rodent models of stress and depression have further examined the cellular basis of these morphological changes. . rodent studies also demonstrate that exposure to chronic stress decreases the number of glia in the PFC. including extinction learning. nonstressed animals.[2] In addition. There is also evidence that chronic SSRI administration increases synaptic plasticity
of diathesis-stress models; and understanding biological stress processes associated with naturally occurring stress and depressive outcomes. There is growing interest in moving away from unidirectional models of the stress-depression association, toward recognition of the effects of contexts and personal characteristics on the occurrence of stressors, and on the likelihood of progressive and
Beck’s Cognitive Theory of Depression This activity will help you to: Understand the cognitive theory of depression Apply ideas from this theory to interview data Read complex psychological material According to Beck (e.g. 1996), depression is the result of faulty or maladaptive cognitive processes. The emotional and physical symptoms are a consequence of the thinking patterns that Beck

Cognitive and Behavioral Theories of Depression

the role of BDNF signaling in depression-like behavior. Although a large number of models have been employed and several studies have been published, no clear-cut connections between BDNF levels or signaling and depression-like behavior in mice have emerged. However, it is clear that BDNF plays a critical role in the mechanisms underlying the actions of AD. Keywords: Bdnf deficient mice
Major depression or chronic stress can cause the loss of brain volume, a condition that contributes to both emotional and cognitive impairment. Now scientists have discovered one reason why this
Depression involves changes of brain structure and function, one of which is a reduction in hippocampal volume, likely attributable to impaired neurogenesis and dendritic branching as a result of stress (Duman…

Behavioral Models of Depression A Critique of the

Depression is a complex, heterogeneous disorder and several neurotransmitter and neurohormonal pathways have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression.
98 99 A common notion underlying our understanding of major depression and leading to the development of antidepressant drugs is that a functional decrement in central nervous system (CNS)
Mouse Models of Depression Nina Dedic, Sandra M. Walser and Jan M. Deussing Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry Germany 1. Introduction Mood disorders such as depression are the most prevalent diseases amongst psychiatric disorders and a leading cause for disability worldwide. Modelling mood disorders in animals is a major challenge considering the co mplex nature of the diseases. …
Cognitive triad: negative view of future, psychological vulnerability to depression. Typically these are conditional beliefs such as I’m worthwhile if I’m loved or if I am achieving adequately. Primacy of cognitive factors in depression Importance of perception of future in depression: Mild depression: discouraged about the future Moderate depression: dismal future Severe depression
Animal models of depression are research tools used to investigate depression and action of antidepressants as a simulation to investigate the symptomatology and pathophysiology of depressive illness or used to screen novel antidepressants.
Longer-term models include chronic mild stress models, early-life stress models, and social conflict models, which may more accurately simulate processes that lead to depression. These models each have varying degrees of face, construct, and predictive validity for depression and contribute differently to our understanding of antidepressant processes.

Combination of Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and


Models of Depression Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress in

https://youtube.com/watch?v=eZhHB4Js1TA

If someone could replicate the new findings with other indicators of depression, says Duman, it could lead to a better model for testing new drugs and other therapies. For now, the Dalhousie research helps answer the “nagging question of how chronic stress gets inside the brain,” says Gregory Miller, PhD, a psychology professor at the University of British Columbia.
Sex Differences in Adolescent Depression: Stress Exposure and Reactivity Models Benjamin L. Hankin University of South Carolina Robin Mermelstein and Linda Roesch University of Illinois at Chicago Stress exposure and reactivity models were examined as explanations for why girls exhibit greater levels of depressive symptoms than boys. In a multiwave, longitudinal design, adolescents
Depression is a mood disorder which prevents individuals from leading a normal life, at work socially or within their family. Seligman (1973) referred to depression as the ‘common cold’ of psychiatry because of its frequency of diagnosis.
Stress, Depression, and Neuroplasticity: A Convergence of Mechanisms Christopher Pittenger1 and Ronald S Duman*,1 1Department of Psychiatry, Connecticut Mental Health Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

10 Recent paradigm shifts in the neurobiology and


Models of Depression ScienceDirect

From this integrated model, the role of antidepressant therapy in restoring normative processes is examined along with additional treatment guidelines. Conclusion Major depressive disorder is an illness with significant neurobiological consequences involving structural, functional and molecular alterations in several areas of the brain.
20 years has there been a concerted effort to apply learning models to the phenomena of depression. During this recent period a number of new theories have developed. They have led to the generation of a great deal of research data on the psychopathology of depression and to the development of many new therapeutic approaches to treatment. The theories themselves have been influenced by these
PDF Depression is a chronic, recurring and potentially life-threatening illness that affects up to 20% of the population across the world. Despite its prevalence and considerable impact on human
Abstract. Depression is among the most prevalent forms of mental illness and a major cause of morbidity worldwide. Diagnosis of depression is mainly based on symptomatic criteria, and the heterogeneity of the disease suggests that multiple different biological mechanisms may underlie its …
Myocardial infarction (MI) in rats is accompanied by apoptosis in the limbic system and a behavioural syndrome similar to models of depression. We have already shown that probiotics can reduce post-MI apoptosis and designed the present study to determine if probiotics can also prevent post-MI depressive behaviour. We also tested the hypothesis that probiotics achieve their central effects
CHAPTER 32 2 Vulnerability-Stress Models RICK E. INGRAM AND DAVID D. LUXTON E arly models of psychopathology typically identified processes operat-ing during the course of the disorder
Ronald S. Duman* and George K. Aghajanian Basic and clinical studies demonstrate that depression is associated with reduced size of brain regions that regulate mood and cognition, including the prefrontal cortex and the hip pocampus, and decreased
Stress and withdrawal of female reproductive hormones are known risk factors of postpartum depression. Although both of these factors are capable of powerfully modulating neuronal plasticity, there is no direct electron microscopic evidence of hippocampal spine synapse remodeling in postpartum depression.
Collaborative Depression Care Models From Development to Dissemination Wayne Katon, MD I n 1978 the fırst multi-site mental health epidemio-logicstudyintheU.S.reportedthatmorethan50%of
Moreover, ketamine rapidly reverses the synaptic deficits caused by exposure to chronic stress in rodent models. Studies of the signaling mechanisms underlying the actions of ketamine have provided novel approaches and targets for new rapid acting antidepressants with decreased side effects, as well as a better understanding of the neurobiology of stress, depression, and treatment response.

A Comparison and Integration of Structural Models of

Models of Depression: Unpredictable UNIT 5.65 Chronic Mild Stress in Mice Mathieu Nollet,1,2,3 Anne-Marie Le Guisquet,1 and Catherine Belzung1 1INSERM …
The majority of studies with chronic stress depression models demonstrated paradoxical and inconsistent behavioral changes [1,3]. Our studies in mice identified a phenomenon of hyperlocomotion, an unspecific consequence of chronic stress, which is triggered by a stressful procedure of testing [6,7]. Reduction of the stress impact of testing conditions, e.g., diminishing light intensity
action was promulgated by Duman and colleagues (Duman et al. 1997). In this model, based on pre- In this model, based on pre- clinical data, stress (as well as increased glucocorticoid hormone


Abstract. Major depressive disorder is a severe and complex mental disorder. Impaired neurotransmission and disrupted signalling pathways may influence neuroplasticity, which is involved in the brain dysfunction in depression.
The development of models of depression based on the interaction between stress and genetic vulnerability appears plausible. This approach is a much more realistic mirror of the factors playing a role in human depression and may provide models which allow the definition of novel genes influencing behaviour. Such lines have the advantage that they mirror the complexity of gene environmental
Depression Viewed as a GABA/Glutamate Imbalance in the Central Nervous System 237 The boundary of separation G m a t e l u t a G A B A Physiological level Fig. 1.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Produces Antidepressant Effects in Behavioral Models of Depression Yukihiko Shirayama, Andrew C.-H. Chen, Shin Nakagawa, David S. Russell, and Ronald S. Duman
the interpersonal context of child depression. model (Hammen, 1991, 1992b), which postu- Third, the model considers the role of chronic lates that depressive symptoms and associated stressful circumstances in child depression.
Butler MO, Morinobu S, Duman RS. Chronic electroconvulsive seizures increase the expression of serotonin2 receptor mRNA in rat frontal cortex . Chronic electroconvulsive seizures increase the expression of serotonin2 receptor mRNA in rat frontal cortex .
Chapter 10 Genetic Animal Models of Depression Peter R. Canavello, Rupert J. Egan, Carisa L. Bergner, Peter C. Hart, Jonathan M. Cachat, and Allan V. Kalueff Abstract Depression, as part of a larger class of affective disorders, is one of the world’s most deleterious and …
Treating Anxiety and Depression: Differences, Similarities, and What to Do First Cindy J. Aaronson, MSW, PhD Jeremy Coplan, MD . Cindy J. Aaronson, MSW, PhD Assistant Clinical Professor of Psychiatry Treating Anxiety and Depression: Differences, Similarities, and What to Do First Psychotherapy . Disclosure Co-investigator on grant funded by AstraZeneca Inc. Prevalence …


In these models, the fear disorders consist of panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, and specific phobia, whereas the anxious-misery disorders include depression, dysthymia, post-
ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION MODELS The following animal models of anxiety and depression are available in the laboratories of NDI neuroscientists for testing potential therapeutics.
Major depression has a high prevalence and a high mortality. In order to understand the molecular changes underlying major depression animal models are needed. The different animal models of depression simulate the etiology and replicates symptoms, course and treatment of human depression properly. In this study, we investigated stress-induced
Characterization of GABAergic Marker Expression in the Chronic Unpredictable Stress Model of Depression Mounira Banasr, Ashley Lepack, Corey Fee, Vanja Duric, Jaime Maldonado-Aviles, Ralph DiLeone, Etienne Sibille, Ronald S. Duman, and Gerard Sanacora
Animal models of depression: genetically modified animal models Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in 5-HT biosynthesis. The discovery of a neuronal isoform, TPH2, by Walther & Bader 38 opened up a new way to reliably map 5-HT neurons in the brain by means of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.
Animal models of depression exhibits decreased adult hippocampal neurogenesis (Malberg and Duman, 2003; Vollmayr et al., 2007; Zhao et al., 2008), whereas sustained antidepressant drugs

https://youtube.com/watch?v=kHF0vuj1Dz8

Models of depression in primates1 Psychological Medicine

A Unified Model of Depression 597 From Adaptation to Depression Personality is organized to satisfy biologically determined needs and to utilize vital human resources
Dentate gyrus neurogenesis and depression Amar Sahay1,2,!, esis is necessary for treatment of depression (Duman et al., 2000; Jacobs et al., 2000). The hy-pothesis, when first proposed, was predicated on the following observations, which are reviewed in greater detail in subsequent sections. First, stress, which is widely recognized as a major causal factor in MDD, is known to suppress

Models of depression. Semantic Scholar

Collaborative Depression Care Models The Community Guide


Neurobiology of depression an integrated view of key findings

Stress induces equivalent remodeling of hippocampal spine

Models of Depression Unpredictable pdfs.semanticscholar.org
Introduction Clinical Neuropsychiatry

Cognitive triad: negative view of future, psychological vulnerability to depression. Typically these are conditional beliefs such as I’m worthwhile if I’m loved or if I am achieving adequately. Primacy of cognitive factors in depression Importance of perception of future in depression: Mild depression: discouraged about the future Moderate depression: dismal future Severe depression
Depression Viewed as a GABA/Glutamate Imbalance in the Central Nervous System 237 The boundary of separation G m a t e l u t a G A B A Physiological level Fig. 1.
Myocardial infarction (MI) in rats is accompanied by apoptosis in the limbic system and a behavioural syndrome similar to models of depression. We have already shown that probiotics can reduce post-MI apoptosis and designed the present study to determine if probiotics can also prevent post-MI depressive behaviour. We also tested the hypothesis that probiotics achieve their central effects
Collaborative Depression Care Models From Development to Dissemination Wayne Katon, MD I n 1978 the fırst multi-site mental health epidemio-logicstudyintheU.S.reportedthatmorethan50%of
Although the models attempt to produce specific behavioral or physiological features of depression, the features in the animal models likely come about through processes that are very different from those operative in human depression. Therefore, results need to be carefully interpreted for relevance that may be more specific to the model than for human depression. This is an important
THE BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL OF RISK FOR DEPRESSION Kimberly Dienes, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Psychology Roosevelt University . What distinguishes individuals who develop depression following a life stressor from those that do not? Outline Introduction to the literature Study 1 Part 1-Cortisol secretion in depressed and at-risk adults Part 2-Stress sensitivity and risk for
Major depression is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by affective, cognitive, and physiological impairments that lead to maladaptive behavior. The high lifetime prevalence of this disabling condition, coupled with limitations in existing medications, make necessary the development of improved therapeutics. This requires animal models that allow investigation of key biological
A Unified Model of Depression 597 From Adaptation to Depression Personality is organized to satisfy biologically determined needs and to utilize vital human resources
In these models, the fear disorders consist of panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, and specific phobia, whereas the anxious-misery disorders include depression, dysthymia, post-
CHAPTER 32 2 Vulnerability-Stress Models RICK E. INGRAM AND DAVID D. LUXTON E arly models of psychopathology typically identified processes operat-ing during the course of the disorder

Animal Models of Depression Molecular Perspectives
Models of Depression Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress in

From this integrated model, the role of antidepressant therapy in restoring normative processes is examined along with additional treatment guidelines. Conclusion Major depressive disorder is an illness with significant neurobiological consequences involving structural, functional and molecular alterations in several areas of the brain.
Preclinical studies in rodent models of stress and depression have further examined the cellular basis of these morphological changes. . rodent studies also demonstrate that exposure to chronic stress decreases the number of glia in the PFC. including extinction learning. nonstressed animals.[2] In addition. There is also evidence that chronic SSRI administration increases synaptic plasticity
Stress, Depression, and Neuroplasticity: A Convergence of Mechanisms Christopher Pittenger1 and Ronald S Duman*,1 1Department of Psychiatry, Connecticut Mental Health Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
If someone could replicate the new findings with other indicators of depression, says Duman, it could lead to a better model for testing new drugs and other therapies. For now, the Dalhousie research helps answer the “nagging question of how chronic stress gets inside the brain,” says Gregory Miller, PhD, a psychology professor at the University of British Columbia.
Major depression has a high prevalence and a high mortality. In order to understand the molecular changes underlying major depression animal models are needed. The different animal models of depression simulate the etiology and replicates symptoms, course and treatment of human depression properly. In this study, we investigated stress-induced
Dentate gyrus neurogenesis and depression Amar Sahay1,2,!, esis is necessary for treatment of depression (Duman et al., 2000; Jacobs et al., 2000). The hy-pothesis, when first proposed, was predicated on the following observations, which are reviewed in greater detail in subsequent sections. First, stress, which is widely recognized as a major causal factor in MDD, is known to suppress
Animal models of depression are research tools used to investigate depression and action of antidepressants as a simulation to investigate the symptomatology and pathophysiology of depressive illness or used to screen novel antidepressants.
action was promulgated by Duman and colleagues (Duman et al. 1997). In this model, based on pre- In this model, based on pre- clinical data, stress (as well as increased glucocorticoid hormone
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Produces Antidepressant Effects in Behavioral Models of Depression Yukihiko Shirayama, Andrew C.-H. Chen, Shin Nakagawa, David S. Russell, and Ronald S. Duman
Alphabetical List of Cognitive Models & Formulations Scroll down to access the worksheets by clicking on the document image – no tool or download programme is required other than your normal PDF reader.
A review of lifestyle factors that contribute to important pathways associated with major depression: Diet, sleep and exercise . Adrian L Lopresti1, Sean D Hood2, Peter D Drummond1
A Unified Model of Depression 597 From Adaptation to Depression Personality is organized to satisfy biologically determined needs and to utilize vital human resources
ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION MODELS The following animal models of anxiety and depression are available in the laboratories of NDI neuroscientists for testing potential therapeutics.

Models of Depression ScienceDirect
Beck’s Cognitive Theory of Depression

because of the prevalence of depression (16% in the US population)9, its enormous economic burden (.1 billion per year in the US) 10 and a tremendous need for more effective treatments.
Cognitive triad: negative view of future, psychological vulnerability to depression. Typically these are conditional beliefs such as I’m worthwhile if I’m loved or if I am achieving adequately. Primacy of cognitive factors in depression Importance of perception of future in depression: Mild depression: discouraged about the future Moderate depression: dismal future Severe depression
The present article aims to revisit the principles of behavioral models of depression by emphasizing advancements in the field, as well as providing a critique of the dominant models. With this goal in mind, we aim to re-direct the conceptual analysis towards an understanding of
A review of lifestyle factors that contribute to important pathways associated with major depression: Diet, sleep and exercise . Adrian L Lopresti1, Sean D Hood2, Peter D Drummond1
The majority of studies with chronic stress depression models demonstrated paradoxical and inconsistent behavioral changes [1,3]. Our studies in mice identified a phenomenon of hyperlocomotion, an unspecific consequence of chronic stress, which is triggered by a stressful procedure of testing [6,7]. Reduction of the stress impact of testing conditions, e.g., diminishing light intensity
Stress and withdrawal of female reproductive hormones are known risk factors of postpartum depression. Although both of these factors are capable of powerfully modulating neuronal plasticity, there is no direct electron microscopic evidence of hippocampal spine synapse remodeling in postpartum depression.

Animal Models of Depression Molecular Perspectives
Models of Depression Unpredictable pdfs.semanticscholar.org

Jennifer L. Warner-Schmidt and Ronald S. Duman* ABSTRACT: The hippocampus is one of several limbic brain structures implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment of mood disorders. Pre- clinical and clinical studies demonstrate that stress and depression lead to reductions of the total volume of this structure and atrophy and loss of neurons in the adult hippocampus. One of the cellular
Cellular changes caused by depression and chronic stress Stressful events affect a number of different, reciprocally connected brain areas that make up the mood-regulating
Models of depression in primates1 – Volume 13 Issue 3 – Stephen J. Suomi To send this article to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account.
Stress and withdrawal of female reproductive hormones are known risk factors of postpartum depression. Although both of these factors are capable of powerfully modulating neuronal plasticity, there is no direct electron microscopic evidence of hippocampal spine synapse remodeling in postpartum depression.
Moreover, ketamine rapidly reverses the synaptic deficits caused by exposure to chronic stress in rodent models. Studies of the signaling mechanisms underlying the actions of ketamine have provided novel approaches and targets for new rapid acting antidepressants with decreased side effects, as well as a better understanding of the neurobiology of stress, depression, and treatment response.
Treating Anxiety and Depression: Differences, Similarities, and What to Do First Cindy J. Aaronson, MSW, PhD Jeremy Coplan, MD . Cindy J. Aaronson, MSW, PhD Assistant Clinical Professor of Psychiatry Treating Anxiety and Depression: Differences, Similarities, and What to Do First Psychotherapy . Disclosure Co-investigator on grant funded by AstraZeneca Inc. Prevalence …
Abstract. Depression is among the most prevalent forms of mental illness and a major cause of morbidity worldwide. Diagnosis of depression is mainly based on symptomatic criteria, and the heterogeneity of the disease suggests that multiple different biological mechanisms may underlie its …

Animal Models of Depression and Neuroplasticity Assessing
Stress Depression and Neuroplasticity A Convergence of

Major depression is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by affective, cognitive, and physiological impairments that lead to maladaptive behavior. The high lifetime prevalence of this disabling condition, coupled with limitations in existing medications, make necessary the development of improved therapeutics. This requires animal models that allow investigation of key biological
Depression involves changes of brain structure and function, one of which is a reduction in hippocampal volume, likely attributable to impaired neurogenesis and dendritic branching as a result of stress (Duman…
Depression Viewed as a GABA/Glutamate Imbalance in the Central Nervous System 237 The boundary of separation G m a t e l u t a G A B A Physiological level Fig. 1.
Moreover, ketamine rapidly reverses the synaptic deficits caused by exposure to chronic stress in rodent models. Studies of the signaling mechanisms underlying the actions of ketamine have provided novel approaches and targets for new rapid acting antidepressants with decreased side effects, as well as a better understanding of the neurobiology of stress, depression, and treatment response.
The simplistic notion that depression is a chemical imbalance, so to speak, in the brain is giving way to rapidly emerging evidence that depression is associated with neuroinflammation. 4 Pro-inflammatory cytokines are elevated in the plasma of depressed patients, and subside when the acute episode is …
Since candidate models of depression are often assessed for reversibility with known monoamine-based antidepressants, there exists the alarming possibility that the most popular models of depression may, by design, be insensitive to the antidepressant effects of nonmonoamine-based agents (Berton and Nestler 2006).
of diathesis-stress models; and understanding biological stress processes associated with naturally occurring stress and depressive outcomes. There is growing interest in moving away from unidirectional models of the stress-depression association, toward recognition of the effects of contexts and personal characteristics on the occurrence of stressors, and on the likelihood of progressive and
Treating Anxiety and Depression: Differences, Similarities, and What to Do First Cindy J. Aaronson, MSW, PhD Jeremy Coplan, MD . Cindy J. Aaronson, MSW, PhD Assistant Clinical Professor of Psychiatry Treating Anxiety and Depression: Differences, Similarities, and What to Do First Psychotherapy . Disclosure Co-investigator on grant funded by AstraZeneca Inc. Prevalence …
The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that BDNF in the hippocampus produces an antidepressant effect in behavioral models of depression, the learned helplessness (LH) and forced swim test (FST) paradigms. A single bilateral infusion of BDNF into the dentate gyrus of hippocampus produced an antidepressant effect in both the LH and FST that was comparable in magnitude with
The present article aims to revisit the principles of behavioral models of depression by emphasizing advancements in the field, as well as providing a critique of the dominant models. With this goal in mind, we aim to re-direct the conceptual analysis towards an understanding of
CHAPTER ONE Models of Depression Catharine H. Duman Contents I. Introduction 2 II. General Considerations in Modeling Depression 2 III. Stress and Models of Depression 4
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Produces Antidepressant Effects in Behavioral Models of Depression Yukihiko Shirayama, Andrew C.-H. Chen, Shin Nakagawa, David S. Russell, and Ronald S. Duman
Although the models attempt to produce specific behavioral or physiological features of depression, the features in the animal models likely come about through processes that are very different from those operative in human depression. Therefore, results need to be carefully interpreted for relevance that may be more specific to the model than for human depression. This is an important

Hard-hitting hormones The stress-depression link
Toward an interpersonal life-stress model of depression

Beck’s Cognitive Theory of Depression This activity will help you to: Understand the cognitive theory of depression Apply ideas from this theory to interview data Read complex psychological material According to Beck (e.g. 1996), depression is the result of faulty or maladaptive cognitive processes. The emotional and physical symptoms are a consequence of the thinking patterns that Beck
CHAPTER 32 2 Vulnerability-Stress Models RICK E. INGRAM AND DAVID D. LUXTON E arly models of psychopathology typically identified processes operat-ing during the course of the disorder
the role of BDNF signaling in depression-like behavior. Although a large number of models have been employed and several studies have been published, no clear-cut connections between BDNF levels or signaling and depression-like behavior in mice have emerged. However, it is clear that BDNF plays a critical role in the mechanisms underlying the actions of AD. Keywords: Bdnf deficient mice
Stress and withdrawal of female reproductive hormones are known risk factors of postpartum depression. Although both of these factors are capable of powerfully modulating neuronal plasticity, there is no direct electron microscopic evidence of hippocampal spine synapse remodeling in postpartum depression.

Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF
How stress and depression can shrink the brain- ScienceDaily

Although the models attempt to produce specific behavioral or physiological features of depression, the features in the animal models likely come about through processes that are very different from those operative in human depression. Therefore, results need to be carefully interpreted for relevance that may be more specific to the model than for human depression. This is an important
depression remain poorly understood [ ]. is minireview summarizes our current understanding, obtained from animal models of chronic stress, of remodeling of dendritic
Cognitive triad: negative view of future, psychological vulnerability to depression. Typically these are conditional beliefs such as I’m worthwhile if I’m loved or if I am achieving adequately. Primacy of cognitive factors in depression Importance of perception of future in depression: Mild depression: discouraged about the future Moderate depression: dismal future Severe depression
Depression Viewed as a GABA/Glutamate Imbalance in the Central Nervous System 237 The boundary of separation G m a t e l u t a G A B A Physiological level Fig. 1.
PDF Depression is a chronic, recurring and potentially life-threatening illness that affects up to 20% of the population across the world. Despite its prevalence and considerable impact on human
The present article aims to revisit the principles of behavioral models of depression by emphasizing advancements in the field, as well as providing a critique of the dominant models. With this goal in mind, we aim to re-direct the conceptual analysis towards an understanding of
Characterization of GABAergic Marker Expression in the Chronic Unpredictable Stress Model of Depression Mounira Banasr, Ashley Lepack, Corey Fee, Vanja Duric, Jaime Maldonado-Aviles, Ralph DiLeone, Etienne Sibille, Ronald S. Duman, and Gerard Sanacora

Stress induces equivalent remodeling of hippocampal spine
Behavioral Models of Depression A Critique of the

Psychological Models of Depression and Anxiety: Counselor’s Perspectives Vijaya Lakshmi Chouhan 0F 1, Preeti Sharma 1F 2* ABSTRACT Negative psychological states like anxiety and depression have been the major focus of psychology over the last hundreds of years. People experience these negative psychological states as a part of their response to their threatening life events. These states
The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that BDNF in the hippocampus produces an antidepressant effect in behavioral models of depression, the learned helplessness (LH) and forced swim test (FST) paradigms. A single bilateral infusion of BDNF into the dentate gyrus of hippocampus produced an antidepressant effect in both the LH and FST that was comparable in magnitude with
Abstract. Major depressive disorder is a severe and complex mental disorder. Impaired neurotransmission and disrupted signalling pathways may influence neuroplasticity, which is involved in the brain dysfunction in depression.
Chapter 10 Genetic Animal Models of Depression Peter R. Canavello, Rupert J. Egan, Carisa L. Bergner, Peter C. Hart, Jonathan M. Cachat, and Allan V. Kalueff Abstract Depression, as part of a larger class of affective disorders, is one of the world’s most deleterious and …
Major depression is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by affective, cognitive, and physiological impairments that lead to maladaptive behavior. The high lifetime prevalence of this disabling condition, coupled with limitations in existing medications, make necessary the development of improved therapeutics. This requires animal models that allow investigation of key biological
Such findings hold major implications for models of the neurocircuits that underlie depression. In particular evidence from lesion analysis studies suggests that the MPFC and related limbic and striato-pallido-thalamic structures organize emotional expression. The MPFC is part of a larger “default system” of cortical areas that include the dorsal PFC, mid- and posterior cingulate cortex
Preclinical studies in rodent models of stress and depression have further examined the cellular basis of these morphological changes. . rodent studies also demonstrate that exposure to chronic stress decreases the number of glia in the PFC. including extinction learning. nonstressed animals.[2] In addition. There is also evidence that chronic SSRI administration increases synaptic plasticity
THE BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL OF RISK FOR DEPRESSION Kimberly Dienes, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Psychology Roosevelt University . What distinguishes individuals who develop depression following a life stressor from those that do not? Outline Introduction to the literature Study 1 Part 1-Cortisol secretion in depressed and at-risk adults Part 2-Stress sensitivity and risk for
Abstract. Depression is among the most prevalent forms of mental illness and a major cause of morbidity worldwide. Diagnosis of depression is mainly based on symptomatic criteria, and the heterogeneity of the disease suggests that multiple different biological mechanisms may underlie its …
98 99 A common notion underlying our understanding of major depression and leading to the development of antidepressant drugs is that a functional decrement in central nervous system (CNS)
the interpersonal context of child depression. model (Hammen, 1991, 1992b), which postu- Third, the model considers the role of chronic lates that depressive symptoms and associated stressful circumstances in child depression.
20 years has there been a concerted effort to apply learning models to the phenomena of depression. During this recent period a number of new theories have developed. They have led to the generation of a great deal of research data on the psychopathology of depression and to the development of many new therapeutic approaches to treatment. The theories themselves have been influenced by these

The Biological (Medical) Model of Abnormality
Psychological Theories of Depression Simply Psychology

The majority of studies with chronic stress depression models demonstrated paradoxical and inconsistent behavioral changes [1,3]. Our studies in mice identified a phenomenon of hyperlocomotion, an unspecific consequence of chronic stress, which is triggered by a stressful procedure of testing [6,7]. Reduction of the stress impact of testing conditions, e.g., diminishing light intensity
Dentate gyrus neurogenesis and depression Amar Sahay1,2,!, esis is necessary for treatment of depression (Duman et al., 2000; Jacobs et al., 2000). The hy-pothesis, when first proposed, was predicated on the following observations, which are reviewed in greater detail in subsequent sections. First, stress, which is widely recognized as a major causal factor in MDD, is known to suppress
Cellular changes caused by depression and chronic stress Stressful events affect a number of different, reciprocally connected brain areas that make up the mood-regulating
Animal models of depression: genetically modified animal models Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in 5-HT biosynthesis. The discovery of a neuronal isoform, TPH2, by Walther & Bader 38 opened up a new way to reliably map 5-HT neurons in the brain by means of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.
because of the prevalence of depression (16% in the US population)9, its enormous economic burden (.1 billion per year in the US) 10 and a tremendous need for more effective treatments.
From this integrated model, the role of antidepressant therapy in restoring normative processes is examined along with additional treatment guidelines. Conclusion Major depressive disorder is an illness with significant neurobiological consequences involving structural, functional and molecular alterations in several areas of the brain.
Cognitive triad: negative view of future, psychological vulnerability to depression. Typically these are conditional beliefs such as I’m worthwhile if I’m loved or if I am achieving adequately. Primacy of cognitive factors in depression Importance of perception of future in depression: Mild depression: discouraged about the future Moderate depression: dismal future Severe depression
Moreover, ketamine rapidly reverses the synaptic deficits caused by exposure to chronic stress in rodent models. Studies of the signaling mechanisms underlying the actions of ketamine have provided novel approaches and targets for new rapid acting antidepressants with decreased side effects, as well as a better understanding of the neurobiology of stress, depression, and treatment response.
Major depression is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by affective, cognitive, and physiological impairments that lead to maladaptive behavior. The high lifetime prevalence of this disabling condition, coupled with limitations in existing medications, make necessary the development of improved therapeutics. This requires animal models that allow investigation of key biological

Animal Models of Depression Molecular Perspectives
A Molecular and Cellular Theory of Depression JAMA

Abstract. Major depressive disorder is a severe and complex mental disorder. Impaired neurotransmission and disrupted signalling pathways may influence neuroplasticity, which is involved in the brain dysfunction in depression.
Current Understandings Of Major Depression – Diathesis-Stress Model Rashmi Nemade, Ph.D., Natalie Staats Reiss, Ph.D., and Mark Dombeck, Ph.D. In contrast to the biopsychosocial model, which describes the interdependence of depression causes, the diathesis-stress model talks about the relationship between potential causes of depression, and the degree to which people may be …
Animal models of depression exhibits decreased adult hippocampal neurogenesis (Malberg and Duman, 2003; Vollmayr et al., 2007; Zhao et al., 2008), whereas sustained antidepressant drugs
Longer-term models include chronic mild stress models, early-life stress models, and social conflict models, which may more accurately simulate processes that lead to depression. These models each have varying degrees of face, construct, and predictive validity for depression and contribute differently to our understanding of antidepressant processes.
Animal models of depression: genetically modified animal models Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in 5-HT biosynthesis. The discovery of a neuronal isoform, TPH2, by Walther & Bader 38 opened up a new way to reliably map 5-HT neurons in the brain by means of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.
Preclinical studies in rodent models of stress and depression have further examined the cellular basis of these morphological changes. . rodent studies also demonstrate that exposure to chronic stress decreases the number of glia in the PFC. including extinction learning. nonstressed animals.[2] In addition. There is also evidence that chronic SSRI administration increases synaptic plasticity

(PDF) Behavioral animal models of depression ResearchGate
Models of Depression USP

CHAPTER 32 2 Vulnerability-Stress Models RICK E. INGRAM AND DAVID D. LUXTON E arly models of psychopathology typically identified processes operat-ing during the course of the disorder
Depression involves changes of brain structure and function, one of which is a reduction in hippocampal volume, likely attributable to impaired neurogenesis and dendritic branching as a result of stress (Duman…
The intergenerational interpersonal stress model of depression was first proposed by Hammen (1991a) in a sample of 8-16-year-old children of mothers who were clinically ascertained to be depressed; families with unipolar, bipolar, medically ill, and well mothers were compared.
Models of depression in primates1 – Volume 13 Issue 3 – Stephen J. Suomi To send this article to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account.
Depression is a mood disorder which prevents individuals from leading a normal life, at work socially or within their family. Seligman (1973) referred to depression as the ‘common cold’ of psychiatry because of its frequency of diagnosis.
Alphabetical List of Cognitive Models & Formulations Scroll down to access the worksheets by clicking on the document image – no tool or download programme is required other than your normal PDF reader.
of diathesis-stress models; and understanding biological stress processes associated with naturally occurring stress and depressive outcomes. There is growing interest in moving away from unidirectional models of the stress-depression association, toward recognition of the effects of contexts and personal characteristics on the occurrence of stressors, and on the likelihood of progressive and
Dentate gyrus neurogenesis and depression Amar Sahay1,2,!, esis is necessary for treatment of depression (Duman et al., 2000; Jacobs et al., 2000). The hy-pothesis, when first proposed, was predicated on the following observations, which are reviewed in greater detail in subsequent sections. First, stress, which is widely recognized as a major causal factor in MDD, is known to suppress

(PDF) Neurogenesis and depression What animal models tell
Depression – emerging insights from neurobiology British

Cellular changes caused by depression and chronic stress Stressful events affect a number of different, reciprocally connected brain areas that make up the mood-regulating
20 years has there been a concerted effort to apply learning models to the phenomena of depression. During this recent period a number of new theories have developed. They have led to the generation of a great deal of research data on the psychopathology of depression and to the development of many new therapeutic approaches to treatment. The theories themselves have been influenced by these
The present article aims to revisit the principles of behavioral models of depression by emphasizing advancements in the field, as well as providing a critique of the dominant models. With this goal in mind, we aim to re-direct the conceptual analysis towards an understanding of
Depression involves changes of brain structure and function, one of which is a reduction in hippocampal volume, likely attributable to impaired neurogenesis and dendritic branching as a result of stress (Duman…
THE BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL OF RISK FOR DEPRESSION Kimberly Dienes, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Psychology Roosevelt University . What distinguishes individuals who develop depression following a life stressor from those that do not? Outline Introduction to the literature Study 1 Part 1-Cortisol secretion in depressed and at-risk adults Part 2-Stress sensitivity and risk for
depression remain poorly understood [ ]. is minireview summarizes our current understanding, obtained from animal models of chronic stress, of remodeling of dendritic
Dentate gyrus neurogenesis and depression Amar Sahay1,2,!, esis is necessary for treatment of depression (Duman et al., 2000; Jacobs et al., 2000). The hy-pothesis, when first proposed, was predicated on the following observations, which are reviewed in greater detail in subsequent sections. First, stress, which is widely recognized as a major causal factor in MDD, is known to suppress
CHAPTER 32 2 Vulnerability-Stress Models RICK E. INGRAM AND DAVID D. LUXTON E arly models of psychopathology typically identified processes operat-ing during the course of the disorder
A review of lifestyle factors that contribute to important pathways associated with major depression: Diet, sleep and exercise . Adrian L Lopresti1, Sean D Hood2, Peter D Drummond1
Longer-term models include chronic mild stress models, early-life stress models, and social conflict models, which may more accurately simulate processes that lead to depression. These models each have varying degrees of face, construct, and predictive validity for depression and contribute differently to our understanding of antidepressant processes.
Depression is a mood disorder which prevents individuals from leading a normal life, at work socially or within their family. Seligman (1973) referred to depression as the ‘common cold’ of psychiatry because of its frequency of diagnosis.

(PDF) Neurogenesis and depression What animal models tell
ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION MODELS 2012

Models of depression in primates1 – Volume 13 Issue 3 – Stephen J. Suomi To send this article to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account.
The biological (medical) model of abnormality makes the assumption that psychological and behavioural abnormalities have biological causes. In other words, things go wrong with behaviour and experience, because something has gone wrong with the brain. Possible Biological Causes of Abnormality Factor Explanation Genetics The genes we inherit from our parents provide the …
Depression is a mood disorder which prevents individuals from leading a normal life, at work socially or within their family. Seligman (1973) referred to depression as the ‘common cold’ of psychiatry because of its frequency of diagnosis.
The simplistic notion that depression is a chemical imbalance, so to speak, in the brain is giving way to rapidly emerging evidence that depression is associated with neuroinflammation. 4 Pro-inflammatory cytokines are elevated in the plasma of depressed patients, and subside when the acute episode is …
Myocardial infarction (MI) in rats is accompanied by apoptosis in the limbic system and a behavioural syndrome similar to models of depression. We have already shown that probiotics can reduce post-MI apoptosis and designed the present study to determine if probiotics can also prevent post-MI depressive behaviour. We also tested the hypothesis that probiotics achieve their central effects
Alphabetical List of Cognitive Models & Formulations Scroll down to access the worksheets by clicking on the document image – no tool or download programme is required other than your normal PDF reader.
In these models, the fear disorders consist of panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, and specific phobia, whereas the anxious-misery disorders include depression, dysthymia, post-